Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions (NPIs) remain a subject of intense debate during major pandemics and endemics, with studies highlighting varied benefits and costs. Yet, little is known about the long-term effects of NPIs, particularly among those exposed during early life and childhood. This study examines the long-term effects of early-life and childhood exposure to NPIs implemented during the 1918-1919 influenza pandemic on later-life longevity. Utilizing Social Security Administration death records linked to the 1940 census, we investigate the differences in longevity of cohorts exposed to the pandemic during early childhood compared to those born post-pandemic, in cities with stricter NPIs to those with less stringent measures. The findings suggest that stricter NPIs reduced longevity of approximately 2.8 months for individuals exposed between ages 7 and 10. We attribute these effects to school closures and disruptions in children’s socioemotional and cognitive development and provide empirical evidence that their later-life reductions in education and socioeconomic status as potential pathways.